| Fuel Heats of Formation, Carbon Atoms, Hydrogen Atoms, Oxygen Atoms & Densities | |||||
| Fuel | Heat of Formation ( J / kmol ) | Carbon | Hydrogen | Oxygen | Density ( kg / m^3 ) |
| Ethanol | -277,690,000 |
2 |
6.0000 |
1 |
789.0 |
| Methanol | -238,666,000 |
1 |
4.0000 |
1 |
791.5 |
| Gasoline | -208,500,000 |
8 |
18.0000 |
0 |
702.5 |
| Propane | -122,876,000 |
3 |
8.0000 |
0 |
510.0 |
| Ethane | -99,320,000 |
2 |
6.0000 |
0 |
570.0 |
| Methane | -87,049,000 |
1 |
4.0000 |
0 |
422.4 |
| Kerosene | -24,149,000 |
1 |
1.9532 |
0 |
800.0 |
| Hydrogen | -8,123,000 |
0 |
2.0000 |
0 |
70.8 |
| Methylacetylene | 162,340,000 |
3 |
4.0000 |
0 |
700.0 |
| Quadricyclene | 302,080,000 |
7 |
8.0000 |
0 |
985.0 |
Fuel oxygen is the number of oxygen atoms in a fuel molecule. There are no uncombined carbon or hydrogen atoms in typical oxidizers, so oxygen in the fuel doesn't react, it only adds mass to the exhaust. Fuels that are high in oxygen generally have a higher density than fuels without oxygen and will release less energy per unit mass in a reaction with an oxidizer, leading to a lower combustion temperature, a lower exhaust velocity and a lighter fuel tank. Ethanol and methanol are the only common fuels with oxygen, the main reason that they're occasionally used is that they're easily obtainable from biomass. Ethanol is also known as alcohol and methanol is also known as wood alcohol. Fuel oxygen is used to calculate fuel molecular and fuel oxidation.
fuel molecular = 12 * fuel carbon + fuel hydrogen + 16 * fuel oxygen
fuel oxidation = 2 * fuel oxygen - 4 * fuel carbon - fuel hydrogen
This is used in astropolis, bipropellant rocket, tripropellant rocket, pumped rocket and rocket cost.