| Fuel Heats of Formation, Carbon Atoms, Hydrogen Atoms, Oxygen Atoms & Densities | |||||
| Fuel | Heat of Formation ( J / kmol ) | Carbon | Hydrogen | Oxygen | Density ( kg / m^3 ) |
| Ethanol | -277,690,000 |
2 |
6.0000 |
1 |
789.0 |
| Methanol | -238,666,000 |
1 |
4.0000 |
1 |
791.5 |
| Gasoline | -208,500,000 |
8 |
18.0000 |
0 |
702.5 |
| Propane | -122,876,000 |
3 |
8.0000 |
0 |
510.0 |
| Ethane | -99,320,000 |
2 |
6.0000 |
0 |
570.0 |
| Methane | -87,049,000 |
1 |
4.0000 |
0 |
422.4 |
| Kerosene | -24,149,000 |
1 |
1.9532 |
0 |
800.0 |
| Hydrogen | -8,123,000 |
0 |
2.0000 |
0 |
70.8 |
| Methylacetylene | 162,340,000 |
3 |
4.0000 |
0 |
700.0 |
| Quadricyclene | 302,080,000 |
7 |
8.0000 |
0 |
985.0 |
Fuel heat of formation is the amount of energy per kilomole of substance required to form the molecule in the state it is in while in the fuel tank from elemental molecules at standard conditions. A positive number means energy is required to form the molecule and it will release energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. A negative number means energy is released when forming the molecule and it will absorb energy when going to the standard state of its elemental components. Generally the higher the number, the more reactive or volatile the substance will be. When a substance is heated, its heat of formation rises.
With methylacetylene and quadricyclene, part of their heat of formation comes from the fact that they have less than four hydrogen atoms for each carbon atoms. These substances are unstable, hopefully they are still safe enough to use as rocket fuels. Fuel heat of formation with mix heat is used to calculate product enthalpy and reactant enthalpy.
mix heat = oxidizer mix * oxidizer heat of formation + propellant mix * propellant heat of formation
reactant enthalpy = fuel molar ratio * fuel heat of formation + mixture oxidizer mix * mix heat
product enthalpy = mixed water * water enthalpy - 393509000.0 * mixed carbon dioxide + unreacted fuel * fuel heat of formation + unreacted oxidizer mix * mix heat
This is used in astropolis, bipropellant rocket, tripropellant rocket, pumped rocket and rocket cost.
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